First - Happy Australia Day - we all have a lot to be grateful for I believe despite all the irritants we all observe. We have a wonderful country taken all in all!
This appeared a little while ago
This appeared a little while ago
January 14, 2013
Mining Electronic Records for Revealing Health Data
By PETER JARET
Over the past decade, nudged by new federal regulations, hospitals and medical offices around the country have been converting scribbled doctors’ notes to electronic records. Although the chief goal has been to improve efficiency and cut costs, a disappointing report published last week by the RAND Corp. found that electronic health records actually may be raising the nation’s medical bills.
But the report neglected one powerful incentive for the switch to electronic records: the resulting databases of clinical information are gold mines for medical research. The monitoring and analysis of electronic medical records, some scientists say, have the potential to make every patient a participant in a vast, ongoing clinical trial, pinpointing treatments and side effects that would be hard to discern from anecdotal case reports or expensive clinical trials.
“Medical discoveries have always been based on hunches,” said Dr. Russ B. Altman, a physician and professor of bioengineering and genetics at Stanford. “Unfortunately, we have been missing discoveries all along because we didn’t have the ability to see if a hunch has statistical merit. This infrastructure makes it possible to follow up those hunches.”
The use of electronic records also may help scientists avoid sidestep the rising costs of medical research. “In the past, you had to set up incredibly expensive and time-consuming clinical trials to test a hypothesis,” said Nicholas Tatonetti, assistant professor of biomedical informatics at Columbia. “Now we can look at data already collected in electronic medical records and begin to tease out information.”
Recent work by Dr. Altman and Dr. Tatonetti, published in 2011, offers a compelling case study. As a graduate student at Stanford, Dr. Tatonetti devised an algorithm to look for pairs of drugs that, taken together, cause a side effect not associated with either drug alone. One pairing popped up when he used his new software to search the Food and Drug Administration’s database of adverse drug reports: Paxil, a widely used antidepressant, and Pravastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug.
Neither was known to raise blood sugar, but Dr. Tatonetti’s results suggested they might when taken together.
For confirmation, he and Dr. Altman turned to Stanford University Medical Center’s electronic medical records. The scientists needed to find patients who were prescribed either Paxil or Pravastatin, had a blood sugar test, were then prescribed the second medication, and had another blood sugar test — all within a period of a few months.
Finding such patients was a tall order, but the medical center’s database was large enough that eight cases surfaced. In most, patients had experienced a significant increase in blood sugar. The researchers expanded their search to databases at Harvard and Vanderbilt. They found about 130 cases that fit the improbable criteria — and more evidence that patients given both drugs showed a rise in blood sugar.
The F.D.A. is currently evaluating the data to see if they warrant new information on the drugs’ labels. “I underestimated the abilities of a clever informatician to figure out algorithms for data mining,” said Dr. Altman, once a critic of this sort of “data mining.”
“We didn’t need to set up a clinical trial,” he said. “We didn’t need to enroll a single research subject.”
Kaiser Permanente, which documented the connection between Vioxx and heart trouble nearly a decade ago by reviewing internal medical records, is now testing preliminary evidence that men taking statin drugs for cholesterol have a lower risk of a recurrence of prostate cancer. The organization is also evaluating diabetes protocols, using a database of more than 25,000 people over age 80 with diabetes — a difficult population to study in clinical trials.
Lots more here:
For this to be replicated in Australia using the NEHRS a few things will need to happen.
First we will need to ensure the Governance processes around this sort of use will need to be effective, robust, transparent and streamlined - i.e. minimum bureaucracy and maximum transparency and effective privacy controls.
Second there will need to be ongoing clinical and research involvement.
Third we may need to obtain mechanisms to effectively link the NEHRS with live GP Systems and be able to obtain more detail than the NEHRS holds.
Fourth there will need to be a full array of interoperability Standards in place.
I fear it will be a big ask - but not impossible I hope!
David.
